Since commit v3.1.0-rc1~688^2~15 (cmTarget: Add a method to obtain list of
filenames for sources, 2014-03-17) we have code paths that lookup sources by
strings containing their own full path after normalization to the actual case
on disk. This fails in the case that a cmSourceFile has already been created
with a different case in the filename. The comparison of the directory works
because it is always normalized. Only the comparison of the file name fails.
Fix this by using a case-insensitive comparison of source file names on
platforms that do not have case-sensitive filesystems.
Extract a new method to encapsulate the requirements of evaluating
dependent-expressions, namely, propagation of the
EvaluateForBuildsystem setting, which is missing from the
getLinkedTargetsContent implementation.
Commit v3.1.0-rc1~688^2 (Genex: Only evaluate TARGET_OBJECTS to determine
target sources., 2014-03-20) introduced an error case for use of
TARGET_OBJECTS outside of the context of generating the buildsystem,
as the path to object files may be dependent on buildsystem
variables (See bug #15226).
Commit v3.1.0-rc1~314^2 (Allow INTERFACE_SOURCES to specify
$<TARGET_OBJECTS> (#14970), 2014-07-09) made it possible to
propagate such content to dependent targets.
While that commit propagated the EvaluateForBuildsystem setting
for the case of a TARGET_PROPERTY expression, as generated for
direct dependencies of a target in
cmTargetInternals::AddInterfaceEntries, it did not add propagation
for content from further transitive target dependencies, as determined
by getLinkedTargetsContent.
This reverts commit v3.1.0-rc1~557^2~2 (ClearMatches: Only clear matches
which were actually set, 2014-03-12). The optimization did not track
the match count in the same scope as the variables, allowing possible
inconsistency.
Resolve conflicts in Source/cmIfCommand.cxx, Source/cmMakefile.cxx,
and Source/cmMakefile.h by moving the changes to the new location
of the code involved.
It gets incremented while entering a loop block (e.g. foreach or while)
and gets decremented when leaving the block. Because scope borders for
example at function borders must be taken into account the counter is
put into a stack. With every new scope an empty counter is pushed on the
stack, when leaving the scope the original value is restored.
This will allow easy querying if the break command is properly nested
within a loop scope.
Signed-off-by: Gregor Jasny <gjasny@googlemail.com>
7a687292 ccmake: Cleanup and simplify conditional blocks for HP-UX
44f02b42 ccmake: Use standard getmaxyx instead of non-standard getmax[xy]
ee3d06a4 ccmake: Remove incomplete support for cur_colr on old HP-UX
This commit fixes a bug where it was impossible to specify
/INCREMENTAL to Fortran projects built with Visual Studio.
The problem was due to the fact that .vfproj files expect
the value of this flag to be "linkIncremental{No,Yes},
whereas .vcproj files expect this value to be 0, 1, or 2.
The implementation of this fix adds a new data structure for
Visual Studio linker flags specific to Fortran. This can
easily be extended in the future if more such discrepencies
between C/C++ and Fortran linking are discovered.
Re-run if the input file changes or if the output file is removed.
This only works with the Makefile generators currently. The limitation
of the Ninja generator is tracked as issue #15256. The IDE
generators will need larger refactoring as they currently rely on
being able to determine the depends and output files at the start of
generate-time, which is too early for the file(GENERATE) case.
67bd514a Ninja: Refactor restat to be a string internally
ef42e57d Ninja: Use a TARGET_FILE variable to hold the link output file
592644c4 Tests/BuildDepends: Drop unneeded help for Ninja
2d75d7e5 Help: Add notes for topic 'console-pool'
f42d86f0 Ninja: Implement USES_TERMINAL using the console pool if available
f281ae01 Ninja: Remove unused declaration
d5eae556 Ninja: factor out the test for console pool support
4d1fedf4 Give the interactive cache editor the USES_TERMINAL property
fe5d6e8c Add USES_TERMINAL option for custom commands
ad6ee426 Rename doing_verbatim to doing_nothing
A common idiom in CMake-based build systems is to have custom commands
that generate files not listed explicitly as outputs so that these
files do not have to be newer than the inputs. The file modification
times of such "byproducts" are updated only when their content changes.
Then other build rules can depend on the byproducts explicitly so that
their dependents rebuild when the content of the original byproducts
really does change.
This "undeclared byproduct" approach is necessary for Makefile, VS, and
Xcode build tools because if a byproduct were listed as an output of a
rule then the rule would always rerun when the input is newer than the
byproduct but the byproduct may never be updated.
Ninja solves this problem by offering a 'restat' feature to check
whether an output was really modified after running a rule and tracking
the fact that it is up to date separately from its timestamp. However,
Ninja also stats all dependencies up front and will only restat files
that are listed as outputs of rules with the 'restat' option enabled.
Therefore an undeclared byproduct that does not exist at the start of
the build will be considered missing and the build will fail even if
other dependencies would cause the byproduct to be available before its
dependents build.
CMake works around this limitation by adding 'phony' build rules for
custom command dependencies in the build tree that do not have any
explicit specification of what produces them. This is not optimal
because it prevents Ninja from reporting an error when an input to a
rule really is missing. A better approach is to allow projects to
explicitly specify the byproducts of their custom commands so that no
phony rules are needed for them. In order to work with the non-Ninja
generators, the byproducts must be known separately from the outputs.
Add a new "BYPRODUCTS" option to the add_custom_command and
add_custom_target commands to specify byproducts explicitly. Teach the
Ninja generator to specify byproducts as outputs of the custom commands.
In the case of POST_BUILD, PRE_LINK, and PRE_BUILD events on targets
that link, the byproducts must be specified as outputs of the link rule
that runs the commands. Activate 'restat' for such rules so that Ninja
knows it needs to check the byproducts, but not for link rules that have
no byproducts.
Use an explicit "$TARGET_FILE" variable instead of "$out" so that
we can have multiple output files while still only referencing the
main one in command lines.
Now that we know the year component of this VS version we
can add it to the generator name. For convenience, map
the name without the year to the name with the year.
Visual Studio 14 (2015) complains if a static character array is
declared with more than 65535 elements. This limit should be large
enough for SharedForward clients, so just hard-code that instead of
trying to compute a limit.
Teach the add_custom_command and add_custom_target commands a new
USES_TERMINAL option. Use it to tell the generator to give the command
direct access to the terminal if possible.
CMake requires both the Desktop SDK and the correct platform SDK
(Windows Phone or Windows Store) to be installed when targeting the
Windows mobile platforms. Verify that the right platform components are
installed and give a more detailed error message when something is
wrong.
string SUBSTRING command now ignores length if it points
past end of string and uses end of string instead.
String SUBSTRING tests now cover more corner cases.
1abd7cd9 Use containers of labeled search paths instead of individual members
2a9ac4bd Encapsulate search path manipulation functions into a seperate class.
32922840 Refactor and seperate search path construction for find commands
The special case added by commit v2.4.0~3051 (When building CMake
itself, use the new cmake to install so that the current cmake can be
overwritten, 2004-06-09) does not make sense when cross-compiling.
The evaluation files must be known before cmTargetTraceDependencies
attempts to find them, but we must actually generate the files after
cmTargetTraceDependencies, as that can add to target SOURCES. The
limitation is that the generated output name must not depend on the
SOURCES of a target if the generated file is used by that target.
Mark the output files as GENERATED so that trace dependencies does
not expect them to already exist in the filesystem.
Move the invokation of ForceLinkerLanguage in the Generate logic
to after the generated file names are known. ForceLinkerLanguage
tries to determine the sources of a target (in order to determine
an already-known language) and otherwise fails to get information
about the generated file.
Test that the output of file(GENERATE) can be used as a target source
file and that accessing the target SOURCES in the name of the output
file is an error. Accessing the TARGET_OBJECTS would be a similar
error if it was legal to use that generator expression in this
context. That is not currently possible and is a different error
condition, so test the current error output as a reminder to change
the expected output if that becomes possible in the future. Test
that generated rule files resulting from cmTargetTraceDependencies
appear in the SOURCES generated in the output file.
Manage classes of search paths in labeled containers. This removes the
need to have a seperate member variable for each type of search path, but
also allows path types to be grouped togethor in various different ways
and manipulated as subsets of the full set of search paths.
The functions for adding the various different types of paths have been
factored out into a new class, cmSearchPath. It is to be used as a helper
container class for the various find_* commands.
Prior to this commit, the set of search paths to traverse for find commands
was incrementally constructed. This change allows each group of paths, i.e.
CMakeVariablePaths, UserHintsPaths, SystemEnvironmentPaths, etc. to be
constructed and manipulated independently, and then all combined togethor.
Visual Studio 12 (2013) deprecated GetVersionEx:
warning C4996: 'GetVersionExW': was declared deprecated
in favor of either "versionhelpers.h" or VerifyVersionInfo, neither of
which exist in some of the older compilers we support. Rather than
try to port conditionally to VerifyVersionInfo, simply suppress the
warning for now.
Since commit v3.1.0-rc1~227^2~1 (De-duplicate shared library targets in
generated link lines, 2014-07-30) we de-duplicate shared library targets
on the link line. However, some toolchains will fail linking if an
executable is linking to a shared library that is not used directly and
a static library that depends on the shared one. The linker may not
keep the reference to the shared library the first time and then the
symbols needed by the static library may not be found.
Fix this by reversing the direction of the for loop that removes the
duplicate shared libraries, in order to ensure that the last occurrence
of the library is left instead of the first one.
Extend Tests/Dependency with a case covering this behavior. Create an
executable that links to a shared library and a static library but only
needs the shared library as a dependency of the static library.
Co-Author: Brad King <brad.king@kitware.com>
b6b37e30 Makefile: Add assembly and preprocessed targets for Fortran
0842b084 Makefile: Refactor checks for lang-specific targets and export compile cmds
The logic introduced in commit v3.1.0-rc1~688^2~9 (Genex: Evaluate
TARGET_OBJECTS as a normal expression, 2014-02-26) ordered a map
by pointer value and then constructed a list of object files by
iterating over the map. This is not deterministic.
Since commit v3.1.0-rc1~688^2~5 (cmTarget: Allow any generator
expression in SOURCES property, 2014-03-18) the order produced by the
above-mentioned logic started being used for the actual list of object
files on the link line. Since it is not deterministic, spurious
re-links occur after re-running CMake simply because the order of
objects changed on the link line.
Fix this by iterating over the original vector of source files instead
of the map. This has a deterministic order.
The checks are now split into languages that are able to generate
assembly listings, languages that are able to generate preprocessed
listings, and languages that are able to export the compile commands.
For unescaped file: URLs on Windows, libcurl expects
the ANSI code page.
This fixes the CMake.FileUpload test when CMake is configured
to use UTF-8 internally with a non-ascii build directory name.
1531df2b configure_file: Warn about unknown arguments
4abbb140 Qt4: Fix configure_file call to use COPYONLY, not COPY_ONLY
bd7ba8e2 KWSys: Fix configure_file call to use COPYONLY, not COPY_ONLY
e9282782 Help: Fix configure_file call to use COPYONLY, not COPY_ONLY
Extend the RunCMake.configure_file test with a case covering possible
common typos of the COPYONLY option.
Reported-by: Iosif Neitzke <iosif.neitzke@gmail.com>
6e1c359f QtAutogen: Regenerate qrc files if their input changes (#15074)
a2995318 QtAutogen: Expand rccfiles into a vector early in the autogen process.
506151af QtAutogen: Extract a GetRccExecutable method.
d1b62185 Merge branch 'parent-scope-tests' into variable-pull-failure
5f414cef Revert "cmDefinitions: Don't store parent lookups"
e0c0b1ac test: add a test for PARENT_SCOPE with multiple scopes
064c415d test: add test for PARENT_SCOPE behavior
Get dependencies from the output of ``rcc --list`` if using
Qt 5. Otherwise process the file in the same way as the
qt4_add_resources macro.
This does not work for RCC files which are generated.
The cmake_autogen build step is implemented as a PRE_BUILD step
of the target currently if possible, rather than a standalone
custom target. This is to keep the number of (synthesized)
custom targets that appear in the UI low, but in some cases
it is necessary to fall back to a full custom target.
Fall back to a full custom target for the VS builds if autorcc
is used.
This reverts commit 5abfde6cb8.
The behaviors associated with implicit pulldown on variable lookup
seriously conflict with the optimizations made in these commits.
Basically, since values were copied upon variable lookup, not just on
PARENT_SCOPE, coupled with PARENT_SCOPE's behavior based on whether the
variable is in the current scope or not causes serious problems with not
storing a value for every variable at every scope.
The commit changed behavior of the following example, among other cases:
function(test_set)
set(blah "value2")
message("before PARENT_SCOPE blah=${blah}")
set(blah ${blah} PARENT_SCOPE)
message("after PARENT_SCOPE blah=${blah}")
endfunction()
set(blah value1)
test_set()
message("in parent scope, blah=${blah}")
Reported-by: Alex Merry <alex.merry@kde.org>
Reported-by: Ben Cooksley <bcooksley@kde.org>
In the case of:
-DCACHE_VARS=-DEXTERNAL_PROJECT_CMAKE_ARG:BOOL=TRUE
the variable is parsed out as:
CACHE_VARS=-DEXTERNAL_PROJECT_CMAKE_ARG
because the parser allows '=' in the variable name. Disallow such a name
on the command line.
Changes in commit b9aa5041 (cmLocalGenerator: Simplify GetIncludeFlags
output formatting, 2014-03-04) caused Windows Resource Compiler include
directories to be computed as relative paths in the Ninja generator.
This breaks the cmcldeps handling of include paths. The reason for the
regression is that several cmLocalGenerator::GetIncludeFlags callers
treated the fourth "bool forResponseFile" argument as if it controlled
whether include directories were a full path. It actually did control
that by accident until the above commit.
Add an explicit "bool forceFullPaths" argument to GetIncludeFlags
and thread the value through ConvertToIncludeReference as needed.
Update GetIncludeFlags call sites that really wanted to control the
forResponseFile setting to be aware of the new argument. Extend the
VSResource test to cover this case.
631fadea Help: Add notes for topic 'fix-OSX-bundle-rpaths-and-Qt5'
50e261dd OSX: Warn when attempting to change runtime paths on OS X 10.5
9b98fd52 cmake-gui: Make sure we bundle Qt5 Cocoa platform plugin
83a06bb4 BundleUtilities: Framework codesign Resources/Info.plist & Current
f7df82ac BundleUtilities: Resolve & replace @rpath placeholders
14bc686f GetPrerequisites: Make sure dyld placeholders are prefixes
6c313797 BundleUtilities: Use find on UNIX for fast executable lookup
Even though 10.5 supports @rpath, the support is not complete
enough for CMake. For instance, install_name_tool doesn't support
adding and removing rpaths.
Also modifying BundleUtilities test to remove an undesirable cmake
generated runtime path. The intent was to build with the install
rpath as is done with the other cases in this test.
e0e75a72 Help: Add notes for topic 'ctest-memcheck-sanitizers'
7345a1f7 tests: Add a test for ctest_memcheck MemorySanitizer
0c6330da ctest_memcheck: Add support for MemorySanitizer msan
9ba8bf12 tests: add a test for ctest_memcheck UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer
816c100a ctest_memcheck: Add support for UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer ubsan
b67ef537 ctest_memcheck: Order sanitizer type code consistently
f48a2968 Tests: Organize CTestTestMemcheck inner test code
Revert commit 7243c951 (Ninja: Don't limit custom cmd side-effects to
build folder, 2014-06-27) because it causes every custom command
dependency in the source tree to get a phony rule. For large projects
these rules get too big for Ninja to handle efficiently. While the
original change addressed a valid concern, it did not seem to occur
regularly in practice because well-behaved projects generate their
side-effects only in the build tree. Until we support explicit
specification of side-effects (CMake issue #14963), we will have to use
this as a middle-ground.
f25e431d tests: set sanitizer options properly
f0661bf3 tests: fix copy/paste from tsan -> asan comments
ca9cc25c ctest: add support for additional sanitizer options
0b9ffffc ctest: update documentation for CTEST_MEMORYCHECK_TYPE
When the file is not found in $CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR/<file path>,
the CurFileName pointer remained set to the previous file. This
caused the new file's coverage data to populate the into the
wrong object giving incorrect results and occasionally resulting
in a seg fault.
The pre-defined 'console' pool is a non-buffered pool that runs with a
depth of 1. CMake re-run cannot be run concurrently and it will
eventually output something. A non-buffered pool allows to get it as
soon as possible
Also, generate the minimal required version of Ninja in the build file.
df84281d Help: Add notes for topic 'vs-nsight-tegra-generator'
69e198dc VS: Generate Nsight Tegra project revision number
5365c9ac VS: Map Nsight Tegra file types in .vcxproj files
178f56a5 VS: Fix Tegra-Android platform linking of libraries by name
7115702f Tests: Add test for VS Nsight Tegra generator support
a6289499 VS: Generate ANDROID_GUI executables as app packages
c12e4699 Add 'ANDROID_API' target property to set Android Target API
9a4df52a Add 'ANDROID_GUI' target property to mark Android applications
16569abf cmTarget: Track internally whether platform is Android
ef0fd4f0 VS: Teach vcxproj generation about the Tegra-Android platform
d09b60f5 VS: Detect compiler id of Nsight Tegra-Android toolchains
2f071466 VS: Teach VS >= 10 to recognize CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME 'Android'
Nsight Tegra 2.0 will be revision '8'. Generate this revision number
and add a NsightTegraUpgradeOnceWithoutPrompt element to tell newer
versions not to prompt when upgrading the generated project file.
Map ".java" to JCompile, ".asm" and ".s" to ClCompile, and a few
Android-specific source file names to AndroidBuild. This allows
Nsight Tegra 1.6 and above to check up-to-dateness of such sources.
Bump NsightTegraProjectRevisionNumber to 7 to allow these fields.
When an executable is marked with ANDROID_GUI, generate an AntBuild
step in the .vcxproj file and point it at the directory found to
contain AndroidManifest.xml. Assume it also contains build.xml.
This version of the Intel Fortran plugin to Visual Studio says:
please make sure that $(OutDir), $(TargetName) and $(TargetExt)
property values match the value specified in %(Link.OutputFile)
We must set TargetName and TargetExt in addition to the existing
setting for OutputDirectory. The settings do not appear to hurt
older versions of Intel Fortran, so set them unconditionally.
Extend the FortranOnly test to cover a corresponding use case by
using the OUTPUT_NAME target property.
Inspired-by: Ian Harvey <Ian.Harvey@megms.com.au>
c655f0c4 VS: Drop GenerateManifest from .vcxproj files for non-MS tools
227a3367 VS: Use case-insensitive check for hlsl,jpg,png,xml file extensions
4a24015a Tests: Always detect VS and SDK availability on Windows
Also add a 'CMAKE_ANDROID_GUI' variable to set the property default
so a project can easily make all executables Android applications.
An Android application executable file has the same extension as a
shared library (.so).
Complete the basic implementation of the VS Tegra-Android generators
by replacing parts of vcxproj files that are specific to MS tools
with settings defined for the NVIDIA Nsight Tegra tools.
Current limitations include:
* We have no "flag table" so flags will be passed in the additional
options fields instead of mapped to the vcxproj elements defined
by Nsight Tegra msbuild platform definition files.
* We have no interface to set the AndroidArch, AndroidStlType, or
AndroidTargetAPI fields so defaults will be used.
* The Nsight Tegra msbuild platform definition files do not provide
a working "Utility" target type so for add_custom_target we need
to use a "StaticLibrary" target type and leave out ClCompile rules.
* There is also no target type for plain command-line executables
so for add_executable we need to use a "DynamicLibrary" target.
Full application bundles will likely require new CMake target
properties (like WIN32_EXECUTABLE for Windows GUI executables).
When CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME is 'Android', check for an installation of
'NVIDIA Nsight Tegra Visual Studio Edition' and generate .vcxproj
files for the "Tegra-Android" platform. Also make the installed
version available in a CMAKE_VS_NsightTegra_VERSION variable.
In commit v3.0.0-rc1~429^2~2 (Remove the Location member from cmTarget,
2012-10-07) a few extra slashes were added to the path construction
logic, perhaps due to a partially implemented attempt at handling the
case that GetDirectory returns an empty string. This leads to LOCATION
paths with double slashes in some cases. Remove them now.
Unlike with Unix Makefiles generator modifying compiler paths was not
protected with Ninja generator. It was possible to modify them in the
cache without the expected effect on the generated solution. Also
activate corresponding tests with Ninja.
In cmGlobalGenerator::EnableLanguage, fix error messages for missing
module files to actually name the missing module instead of using the
empty string returned by GetModulesFile.
When CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME is 'WindowsCE':
* Set the Subsystem and EntryPointSymbol accordingly.
* When CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION is 8.0 (Windows CE 2013),
select the CE800 toolset by default.
be6a555d Tests: Test setting a generator platform in a toolchain file
d506fee8 Tests: Use -A option to pass generator platform selection
11c9ddd6 ExternalProject: Use -A option to pass generator platform
29bd843e CTest: Use -A option to pass generator platform selection
eb7d8156 cmake: Add -A option to specify a generator platform
858d5a0b Fix if() checks of CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME on Cygwin
e177e7af FPHSA: Avoid if() dereferencing of quoted variable
425acc52 cmcurl: Use if(DEFINED) to simplify conditions
cede5cbd libarchive: Avoid depending on if() to dereference a quoted variable
2d97178b FindGTK2: Avoid depending on if() to dereference a quoted variable
0b12815d Modules/Test*.cmake: Use if(DEFINED) to simplify conditions
188a1f23 If: Introduce policy CMP0054 - don't dereference quoted variables in if()
b900c1cc If: Extract cmConditionEvaluator from if() implementation
Define the 'cmake -A' option to set CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM
without having to spell out the whole variable name. We choose
the name '-A' for "platform" because '-P' is already taken, and
in the common use case the "platform" is actually an architecture
(e.g. x64).
Teach the RunCMake test infrastructure to use -A to pass the generator
platform. Extend the RunCMake.GeneratorPlatform test with a case to
verify that the -A option cannot be repeated.
The CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME is "CYGWIN", but we also define a variable
named "CYGWIN" to "1". Avoid allowing if() to expand the "CYGWIN"
string as a variable.
Call SetSystemName, SetGeneratorPlatform, and SetGeneratorToolset
exactly once after reading CMakeSystem.cmake, and not again on another
call to enable_language() or project().
On Arch Linux, /lib and /lib64 are symlinks to /usr/lib. When ordering
runtime library search paths, we must not consider these to be distinct
directories. Before considering conflicts between two directories,
check that they do not have the same 'realpath'.
Inspired-by: Myles English <mylesenglish@gmail.com>
The ctest_configure command already reads the CTEST_CMAKE_GENERATOR
variable to get the value for the cmake -G option. Read new variable
CTEST_CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM to pass on as CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM.
The "ctest --build-and-test" mode already has "--build-generator" to
specify the -G option to CMake. Add a "--build-generator-platform" option
to specify a value to pass on as CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM.
For VS generator names that do not specify the platform name, read
CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM to get it.
Extend the RunCMake.GeneratorPlatform test with a case covering
use of the x64 platform when the test generator is a Visual Studio
generator whose name does not specify a platform.
Reject the option by default. It will be implemented on a per-generator
basis. Pass the setting into try_compile project generation. Add cache
entry CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM and associated variable documentation to
hold the value persistently.
Add a RunCMake.GeneratorPlatform test to cover basic use cases for the
option. Verify that CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM is empty by default, and
that it is rejected when the generator does not support a user setting.
Rename the 'PlatformName' member to 'DefaultPlatformName' and make
sure it is only read through a 'GetPlatformName()' call. This will
allow non-default names to be chosen later.
Move handling of an empty toolset name into the implementation of the
method. This simplifies the VS 10 implementation of default toolset
selection because it has one code path that is always called.
Kitware Robot
Brad King
Stephen Kelly
Ben Boeckel
Gregor Jasny
Ådne Hovda
Zack Galbreath
Gilles Khouzam
Peter Collingbourne
Dmitry Polyanitsa
Domen Vrankar
Chuck Atkins
Daniele E. Domenichelli
Tim Gallagher
Clinton Stimpson
Rolf Eike Beer
Joseph Snyder
André Klitzing
Nils Gladitz
Geoff Viola
Adam Strzelecki
Bill Hoffman
Konstantin Podsvirov
Jonathan Beezley
Sylvain Joubert
Pascal Bach