If no compiler feature information is known for a given compiler
version, do not set a language standard default either. The two
settings must be recorded consistently.
GNU-CXX already has complex logic and sets the _result to 0 before
tests which may set it to something else.
Change the other modules to be consistent with that.
Apple distributes their own Clang build with their own version numbers
that differ from upstream Clang. Use the __apple_build_version__ symbol
to identify the Apple Clang compiler and report the Apple Build Version
as the fourth version component in CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER_VERSION. Add
Compiler/AppleClang-<lang> and Platform/Darwin-AppleClang-<lang> modules
that simply include the upstream equivalents.
Fix comparisons of CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER_ID to Clang in CMake's own
source and tests to account for AppleClang.