Merge topic 'doc-find-module-development'

fcdf86d0 Help: Rewrite the cmake-developer.7 find module documentation
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Brad King 2014-04-03 12:51:47 -04:00 committed by CMake Topic Stage
commit 40a922cce6
1 changed files with 351 additions and 156 deletions

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@ -664,213 +664,408 @@ For example, a ``Modules/Findxxx.cmake`` module may contain:
<code>
endmacro()
After the top documentation block, leave a *BLANK* line, and then add a
copyright and licence notice block like this one (change only the year
range and name)
.. code-block:: cmake
#=============================================================================
# Copyright 2009-2011 Your Name
#
# Distributed under the OSI-approved BSD License (the "License");
# see accompanying file Copyright.txt for details.
#
# This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
# implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
# See the License for more information.
#=============================================================================
# (To distribute this file outside of CMake, substitute the full
# License text for the above reference.)
Test the documentation formatting by running
``cmake --help-module <module-name>``, and also by enabling the
``SPHINX_HTML`` and ``SPHINX_MAN`` options to build the documentation.
Edit the comments until generated documentation looks satisfactory. To
have a .cmake file in this directory NOT show up in the modules
documentation, simply leave out the ``Help/module/<module-name>.rst``
file and the ``Help/manual/cmake-modules.7.rst`` toctree entry.
Find Modules
------------
A "find module" is a ``Modules/Find<package>.cmake`` file to be loaded
by the :command:`find_package` command when invoked for ``<package>``.
We would like all ``FindXxx.cmake`` files to produce consistent variable
names. Please use the following consistent variable names for general use.
The primary task of a find module is to determine whether a package
exists on the system, set the ``<package>_FOUND`` variable to reflect
this and provide any variables, macros and imported targets required to
use the package.
Xxx_INCLUDE_DIRS
The final set of include directories listed in one variable for use by client
code. This should not be a cache entry.
The traditional approach is to use variables for everything, including
libraries and executables: see the `Standard Variable Names`_ section
below. This is what most of the existing find modules provided by CMake
do.
Xxx_LIBRARIES
The libraries to link against to use Xxx. These should include full paths.
This should not be a cache entry.
The more modern approach is to behave as much like
``<package>Config.cmake`` files as possible, by providing imported
targets. As well as matching how ``*Config.cmake`` files work, the
libraries, include directories and compile definitions are all set just
by using the target in a :command:`target_link_libraries` call. The
disadvantage is that ``*Config.cmake`` files of projects that use
imported targets from find modules may require more work to make sure
those imported targets that are in the link interface are available.
Xxx_DEFINITIONS
Definitions to use when compiling code that uses Xxx. This really shouldn't
include options such as (-DHAS_JPEG)that a client source-code file uses to
decide whether to #include <jpeg.h>
In either case (or even when providing both variables and imported
targets), find modules should provide backwards compatibility with old
versions that had the same name.
Xxx_EXECUTABLE
Where to find the Xxx tool.
A FindFoo.cmake module will typically be loaded by the command::
Xxx_Yyy_EXECUTABLE
Where to find the Yyy tool that comes with Xxx.
find_package(Foo [major[.minor[.patch[.tweak]]]]
[EXACT] [QUIET] [REQUIRED]
[[COMPONENTS] [components...]]
[OPTIONAL_COMPONENTS components...]
[NO_POLICY_SCOPE])
Xxx_LIBRARY_DIRS
Optionally, the final set of library directories listed in one variable for
use by client code. This should not be a cache entry.
See the :command:`find_package` documentation for details on what
variables are set for the find module. Most of these are dealt with by
using :module:`FindPackageHandleStandardArgs`.
Xxx_ROOT_DIR
Where to find the base directory of Xxx.
Briefly, the module should only locate versions of the package
compatible with the requested version, as described by the
``Foo_FIND_VERSION`` family of variables. If ``Foo_FIND_QUIETLY`` is
set to true, it should avoid printing messages, including anything
complaining about the package not being found. If ``Foo_FIND_REQUIRED``
is set to true, the module should issue a ``FATAL_ERROR`` if the package
cannot be found. If neither are set to true, it should print a
non-fatal message if it cannot find the package.
Xxx_VERSION_Yy
Expect Version Yy if true. Make sure at most one of these is ever true.
Packages that find multiple semi-independent parts (like bundles of
libraries) should search for the components listed in
``Foo_FIND_COMPONENTS`` if it is set , and only set ``Foo_FOUND`` to
true if for each searched-for component ``<c>`` that was not found,
``Foo_FIND_REQUIRED_<c>`` is not set to true. The ``HANDLE_COMPONENTS``
argument of ``find_package_handle_standard_args()`` can be used to
implement this.
Xxx_WRAP_Yy
If False, do not try to use the relevant CMake wrapping command.
If ``Foo_FIND_COMPONENTS`` is not set, which modules are searched for
and required is up to the find module, but should be documented.
Xxx_Yy_FOUND
If False, optional Yy part of Xxx sytem is not available.
For internal implementation, it is a generally accepted convention that
variables starting with underscore are for temporary use only.
Xxx_FOUND
Set to false, or undefined, if we haven't found, or don't want to use Xxx.
Like all modules, find modules should be properly documented. To add a
module to the CMake documentation, follow the steps in the `Module
Documentation`_ section above.
Xxx_NOT_FOUND_MESSAGE
Should be set by config-files in the case that it has set Xxx_FOUND to FALSE.
The contained message will be printed by the find_package() command and by
find_package_handle_standard_args() to inform the user about the problem.
Xxx_RUNTIME_LIBRARY_DIRS
Optionally, the runtime library search path for use when running an
executable linked to shared libraries. The list should be used by user code
to create the PATH on windows or LD_LIBRARY_PATH on unix. This should not be
a cache entry.
Xxx_VERSION_STRING
A human-readable string containing the version of the package found, if any.
Standard Variable Names
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Xxx_VERSION_MAJOR
The major version of the package found, if any.
For a ``FindXxx.cmake`` module that takes the approach of setting
variables (either instead of or in addition to creating imported
targets), the following variable names should be used to keep things
consistent between find modules. Note that all variables start with
``Xxx_`` to make sure they do not interfere with other find modules; the
same consideration applies to macros, functions and imported targets.
Xxx_VERSION_MINOR
The minor version of the package found, if any.
``Xxx_INCLUDE_DIRS``
The final set of include directories listed in one variable for use by
client code. This should not be a cache entry.
Xxx_VERSION_PATCH
The patch version of the package found, if any.
``Xxx_LIBRARIES``
The libraries to link against to use Xxx. These should include full
paths. This should not be a cache entry.
You do not have to provide all of the above variables. You should provide
Xxx_FOUND under most circumstances. If Xxx is a library, then Xxx_LIBRARIES,
should also be defined, and Xxx_INCLUDE_DIRS should usually be defined (I
guess libm.a might be an exception)
``Xxx_DEFINITIONS``
Definitions to use when compiling code that uses Xxx. This really
shouldn't include options such as ``-DHAS_JPEG`` that a client
source-code file uses to decide whether to ``#include <jpeg.h>``
``Xxx_EXECUTABLE``
Where to find the Xxx tool.
``Xxx_Yyy_EXECUTABLE``
Where to find the Yyy tool that comes with Xxx.
``Xxx_LIBRARY_DIRS``
Optionally, the final set of library directories listed in one
variable for use by client code. This should not be a cache entry.
``Xxx_ROOT_DIR``
Where to find the base directory of Xxx.
``Xxx_VERSION_Yy``
Expect Version Yy if true. Make sure at most one of these is ever true.
``Xxx_WRAP_Yy``
If False, do not try to use the relevant CMake wrapping command.
``Xxx_Yy_FOUND``
If False, optional Yy part of Xxx sytem is not available.
``Xxx_FOUND``
Set to false, or undefined, if we haven't found, or don't want to use
Xxx.
``Xxx_NOT_FOUND_MESSAGE``
Should be set by config-files in the case that it has set
``Xxx_FOUND`` to FALSE. The contained message will be printed by the
:command:`find_package` command and by
``find_package_handle_standard_args()`` to inform the user about the
problem.
``Xxx_RUNTIME_LIBRARY_DIRS``
Optionally, the runtime library search path for use when running an
executable linked to shared libraries. The list should be used by
user code to create the ``PATH`` on windows or ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` on
UNIX. This should not be a cache entry.
``Xxx_VERSION``
The full version string of the package found, if any. Note that many
existing modules provide ``Xxx_VERSION_STRING`` instead.
``Xxx_VERSION_MAJOR``
The major version of the package found, if any.
``Xxx_VERSION_MINOR``
The minor version of the package found, if any.
``Xxx_VERSION_PATCH``
The patch version of the package found, if any.
The following names should not usually be used in CMakeLists.txt files, but
they may be usefully modified in users' CMake Caches to control stuff.
are typically cache variables for users to edit and control the
behaviour of find modules (like entering the path to a library manually)
Xxx_LIBRARY
Name of Xxx Library. A User may set this and Xxx_INCLUDE_DIR to ignore to
force non-use of Xxx.
``Xxx_LIBRARY``
The path of the Xxx library (as used with :command:`find_library`, for
example).
Xxx_Yy_LIBRARY
Name of Yy library that is part of the Xxx system. It may or may not be
required to use Xxx.
``Xxx_Yy_LIBRARY``
The path of the Yy library that is part of the Xxx system. It may or
may not be required to use Xxx.
Xxx_INCLUDE_DIR
Where to find xxx.h, etc. (Xxx_INCLUDE_PATH was considered bad because a path
includes an actual filename.)
``Xxx_INCLUDE_DIR``
Where to find headers for using the Xxx library.
Xxx_Yy_INCLUDE_DIR
Where to find xxx_yy.h, etc.
``Xxx_Yy_INCLUDE_DIR``
Where to find headers for using the Yy library of the Xxx system.
For tidiness's sake, try to keep as many options as possible out of the cache,
leaving at least one option which can be used to disable use of the module, or
locate a not-found library (e.g. Xxx_ROOT_DIR). For the same reason, mark
To prevent users being overwhelmed with settings to configure, try to
keep as many options as possible out of the cache, leaving at least one
option which can be used to disable use of the module, or locate a
not-found library (e.g. ``Xxx_ROOT_DIR``). For the same reason, mark
most cache options as advanced.
If you need other commands to do special things then it should still begin
with ``Xxx_``. This gives a sort of namespace effect and keeps things tidy for the
user. You should put comments describing all the exported settings, plus
descriptions of any the users can use to control stuff.
While these are the standard variable names, you should provide
backwards compatibility for any old names that were actually in use.
Make sure you comment them as deprecated, so that no-one starts using
them.
You really should also provide backwards compatibility any old settings that
were actually in use. Make sure you comment them as deprecated, so that
no-one starts using them.
To add a module to the CMake documentation, follow the steps in the
`Module Documentation`_ section above. Test the documentation formatting
by running ``cmake --help-module FindXxx``, and also by enabling the
``SPHINX_HTML`` and ``SPHINX_MAN`` options to build the documentation.
Edit the comments until generated documentation looks satisfactory.
To have a .cmake file in this directory NOT show up in the modules
documentation, simply leave out the ``Help/module/<module-name>.rst`` file
and the ``Help/manual/cmake-modules.7.rst`` toctree entry.
After the documentation, leave a *BLANK* line, and then add a
copyright and licence notice block like this one::
A Sample Find Module
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
#=============================================================================
# Copyright 2009-2011 Your Name
#
# Distributed under the OSI-approved BSD License (the "License");
# see accompanying file Copyright.txt for details.
#
# This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
# implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
# See the License for more information.
#=============================================================================
# (To distribute this file outside of CMake, substitute the full
# License text for the above reference.)
We will describe how to create a simple find module for a library
``Foo``.
The layout of the notice block is strictly enforced by the ``ModuleNotices``
test. Only the year range and name may be changed freely.
The first thing that is needed is documentation. CMake's documentation
system requires you to start the file with a documentation marker and
the name of the module. You should follow this with a simple statement
of what the module does.
A FindXxx.cmake module will typically be loaded by the command::
.. code-block:: cmake
FIND_PACKAGE(Xxx [major[.minor[.patch[.tweak]]]] [EXACT]
[QUIET] [[REQUIRED|COMPONENTS] [components...]])
#.rst:
# FindFoo
# -------
#
# Finds the Foo library
#
If any version numbers are given to the command it will set the following
variables before loading the module:
More description may be required for some packages. If there are
caveats or other details users of the module should be aware of, you can
add further paragraphs below this. Then you need to document what
variables and imported targets are set by the module, such as
Xxx_FIND_VERSION
full requested version string
.. code-block:: cmake
Xxx_FIND_VERSION_MAJOR
major version if requested, else 0
# This will define the following variables::
#
# Foo_FOUND - True if the system has the Foo library
# Foo_VERSION - The version of the Foo library which was found
#
# and the following imported targets::
#
# Foo::Foo - The Foo library
Xxx_FIND_VERSION_MINOR
minor version if requested, else 0
If the package provides any macros, they should be listed here, but can
be documented where they are defined. See the `Module
Documentation`_ section above for more details.
Xxx_FIND_VERSION_PATCH
patch version if requested, else 0
After the documentation, leave a blank line, and then add a copyright and
licence notice block
Xxx_FIND_VERSION_TWEAK
tweak version if requested, else 0
.. code-block:: cmake
Xxx_FIND_VERSION_COUNT
number of version components, 0 to 4
#=============================================================================
# Copyright 2009-2011 Your Name
#
# Distributed under the OSI-approved BSD License (the "License");
# see accompanying file Copyright.txt for details.
#
# This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
# implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
# See the License for more information.
#=============================================================================
# (To distribute this file outside of CMake, substitute the full
# License text for the above reference.)
Xxx_FIND_VERSION_EXACT
true if EXACT option was given
If the module is new to CMake, you may want to provide a warning for
projects that do not require a high enough CMake version.
If the find module supports versioning it should locate a version of
the package that is compatible with the version requested. If a
compatible version of the package cannot be found the module should
not report success. The version of the package found should be stored
in "Xxx_VERSION..." version variables documented by the module.
.. code-block:: cmake
If the QUIET option is given to the command it will set the variable
Xxx_FIND_QUIETLY to true before loading the FindXxx.cmake module. If
this variable is set the module should not complain about not being
able to find the package. If the
REQUIRED option is given to the command it will set the variable
Xxx_FIND_REQUIRED to true before loading the FindXxx.cmake module. If
this variable is set the module should issue a FATAL_ERROR if the
package cannot be found.
If neither the QUIET nor REQUIRED options are given then the
FindXxx.cmake module should look for the package and complain without
error if the module is not found.
if(CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.0.0)
message(AUTHOR_WARNING "Your project should require at least CMake 3.0.0 to use FindFoo.cmake")
endif()
FIND_PACKAGE() will set the variable CMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_NAME to
contain the actual name of the package.
Now the actual libraries and so on have to be found. The code here will
obviously vary from module to module (dealing with that, after all, is the
point of find modules), but there tends to be a common pattern for libraries.
A package can provide sub-components.
Those components can be listed after the COMPONENTS (or REQUIRED) or
OPTIONAL_COMPONENTS keywords. The set of all listed components will be
specified in a Xxx_FIND_COMPONENTS variable.
For each package-specific component, say Yyy, a variable Xxx_FIND_REQUIRED_Yyy
will be set to true if it listed after COMPONENTS and it will be set to false
if it was listed after OPTIONAL_COMPONENTS.
Using those variables a FindXxx.cmake module and also a XxxConfig.cmake
package configuration file can determine whether and which components have
been requested, and whether they were requested as required or as optional.
For each of the requested components a Xxx_Yyy_FOUND variable should be set
accordingly.
The per-package Xxx_FOUND variable should be only set to true if all requested
required components have been found. A missing optional component should not
keep the Xxx_FOUND variable from being set to true.
If the package provides Xxx_INCLUDE_DIRS and Xxx_LIBRARIES variables, the
include dirs and libraries for all components which were requested and which
have been found should be added to those two variables.
First, we try to use ``pkg-config`` to find the library. Note that we
cannot rely on this, as it may not be available, but it provides a good
starting point.
To get this behavior you can use the FIND_PACKAGE_HANDLE_STANDARD_ARGS()
macro, as an example see FindJPEG.cmake.
.. code-block:: cmake
For internal implementation, it's a generally accepted convention that
variables starting with underscore are for temporary use only. (variable
starting with an underscore are not intended as a reserved prefix).
find_package(PkgConfig)
pkg_check_modules(PC_Foo QUIET Foo)
This should define some variables starting ``PC_Foo_`` that contain the
information from the ``Foo.pc`` file.
Now we need to find the libraries and include files; we use the
information from ``pkg-config`` to provide hints to CMake about where to
look.
.. code-block:: cmake
find_path(Foo_INCLUDE_DIR
NAMES foo.h
PATHS ${PC_Foo_INCLUDE_DIRS}
# if you need to put #include <Foo/foo.h> in your code, add:
PATH_SUFFIXES Foo
)
find_library(Foo_LIBRARY
NAMES foo
PATHS ${PC_Foo_LIBRARY_DIRS}
)
If you have a good way of getting the version (from a header file, for
example), you can use that information to set ``Foo_VERSION`` (although
note that find modules have traditionally used ``Foo_VERSION_STRING``,
so you may want to set both). Otherwise, attempt to use the information
from ``pkg-config``
.. code-block:: cmake
set(Foo_VERSION ${PC_Foo_VERSION})
Now we can use :module:`FindPackageHandleStandardArgs` to do most of the
rest of the work for us
.. code-block:: cmake
include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
find_package_handle_standard_args(Foo
FOUND_VAR Foo_FOUND
REQUIRED_VARS
Foo_LIBRARY
Foo_INCLUDE_DIR
VERSION_VAR Foo_VERSION
)
This will check that the ``REQUIRED_VARS`` contain values (that do not
end in ``-NOTFOUND``) and set ``Foo_FOUND`` appropriately. It will also
cache those values. If ``Foo_VERSION`` is set, and a required version
was passed to :command:`find_package`, it will check the requested version
against the one in ``Foo_VERSION``. It will also print messages as
appropriate; note that if the package was found, it will print the
contents of the first required variable to indicate where it was found.
At this point, we have to provide a way for users of the find module to
link to the library or libraries that were found. There are two
approaches, as discussed in the `Find Modules`_ section above. The
traditional variable approach looks like
.. code-block:: cmake
if(Foo_FOUND)
set(Foo_LIBRARIES ${Foo_LIBRARY})
set(Foo_INCLUDE_DIRS ${Foo_INCLUDE_DIR})
set(Foo_DEFINITIONS ${PC_Foo_CFLAGS_OTHER})
endif()
If more than one library was found, all of them should be included in
these variables (see the `Standard Variable Names`_ section for more
information).
When providing imported targets, these should be namespaced (hence the
``Foo::`` prefix); CMake will recognize that values passed to
:command:`target_link_libraries` that contain ``::`` in their name are
supposed to be imported targets (rather than just library names), and
will produce appropriate diagnostic messages if that target does not
exist (see policy :policy:`CMP0028`).
.. code-block:: cmake
if(Foo_FOUND AND NOT TARGET Foo::Foo)
add_library(Foo::Foo UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
set_target_properties(Foo::Foo PROPERTIES
IMPORTED_LOCATION "${Foo_LIBRARY}"
INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS "${PC_Foo_CFLAGS_OTHER}"
INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${Foo_INCLUDE_DIR}"
)
endif()
One thing to note about this is that the ``INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES`` and
similar properties should only contain information about the target itself, and
not any of its dependencies. Instead, those dependencies should also be
targets, and CMake should be told that they are dependencies of this target.
CMake will then combine all the necessary information automatically.
We should also provide some information about the package, such as where to
download it.
.. code-block:: cmake
include(FeatureSummary)
set_package_properties(Foo PROPERTIES
URL "http://www.foo.example.com/"
DESCRIPTION "A library for doing useful things"
)
Most of the cache variables should be hidden in the ``ccmake`` interface unless
the user explicitly asks to edit them.
.. code-block:: cmake
mark_as_advanced(
Foo_INCLUDE_DIR
Foo_LIBRARY
)
If this module replaces an older version, you should set compatibility variables
to cause the least disruption possible.
.. code-block:: cmake
# compatibility variables
set(Foo_VERSION_STRING ${Foo_VERSION})